The Portal of Geriatrics Online Education

21 PC: Present palliative care as a positive option

21. Present palliative care (including hospice) as a positive, active treatment option for a patient with advanced disease.

Frailty Interactive Cases and A Facilitator’s Guide

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Other Sponsors: 
This educational activity was produced by the Miami geriatrics research
education and clinical center (GRECC) with support from the Miami VA Healthcare System and special educational funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs
Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN)
Product Information
Abstract: 

Introduction: Frailty is a diagnosable and treatable medical condition. It is a common syndrome in older adults, characterized by: physiological decline, marked vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, increased healthcare utilization, disability, high risk of falls, multiple comorbidities, and mortality. Our goal was to create a case-based educational resource in frailty for medical and other healthcare students.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team at the Miami VAHS, Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, designed and implemented an 8-module educational resource on frailty: An Introduction and 7 cases covering screening, diagnosis, management, and comorbidities. This curriculum was used and evaluated by 4th-year medical students from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Evaluation included a pre-/post-test and a curriculum evaluation with questions on content, learning objectives, value of the learning, and multimedia module usability. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used with unilateral Monte Carlo significance to compare pre-/post-test performance, significant at p<.05.

Results: Fifty-one students completed 4 modules and the pre-/post-test from November 2020 to March 2021. Students’ post-test performance demonstrated significant improvement (p<.05) in knowledge of frailty. Fifty-five percent agreed the multimedia educational activity enhanced their knowledge of frailty and will include frailty assessment in their future practices. The combined “Good + Excellent” rating from evaluations of content linked to learning objectives ranged from 82.3-94.2%. Overall, written comments were positive regarding multimedia usability.

Conclusion: These case-based modules on frailty were highly rated and positively critiqued by students. Pre-/post-test evaluations demonstrated an increase in knowledge of frailty.

Keywords

Frailty, sarcopenia, comorbidities, multimedia, case-based learning

Educational objectives: 

There are twelve (12) learning objectives for the seven (7) cases; two learning objectives repeat for multiple cases. The number(s) in parentheses at the end of each learning objective below designates the cases in which the learning objective applies. All learning objectives start with the statement, “After viewing this module, learners will be able to describe.”

  1. Frailty can be diagnosed using accepted criteria and available tools (1)
  2. Frailty can be managed with literature-based interventions that include exercise nutritional support and optimized treatment of comorbid conditions (1)
  3. Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional (2 through 7)
  4. Frailty is often associated with a reduction in socialization that is often remediable with optimized care across all domains as well as care coordination (2)
  5. As is often the case in caring for patients with complex disease, it takes a team (2, 3, 6, 7)
  6. Frailty is often associated with cognitive deterioration that is often remediable with optimized care across all domains (3)
  7. Frailty is often associated with dependency and the need to recommend palliative care (4)
  8. Frailty is often associated with depression because both are common diseases (5)
  9. Depression can affect frailty by amplifying the symptoms of co-morbid conditions (5)
  10. Frailty coexisting with cognitive impairment need to be recognized early because of their mutual deleterious impact on function (6)
  11. The need to customized cancer care in frail patients based on comorbidities, function and prognosis (7)
  12. The importance of the social domain in care planning for patients with frailty and cancer (7)
Additional information/Special implementation requirements or guidelines: 

 

Facilitator’s Guide

Understanding Frailty: Screening, Diagnosis and Management

Authors

Lubna A. Nasr, MD

Department of Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Bruce W. Carter Miami VAMC, Miami, FL, USA

Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza, PhD

ImFINE Research Group. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Douglas Salguero, MD

Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.

Michael J. Mintzer, MD, AGSF

Director and Associate Director for Education & Evaluation

Miami Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami, FL, USA

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank:

Rose van Zuilen, PhD, and Corinne B. Ferrari for their help in reviewing the modules and including this frailty training as a component of the MS4 geriatrics clerkship

 

Overview

Frailty is a term widely used in clinical medicine but often ill-defined. The primary purpose of these modules is to teach learners the definition, screening modalities and diagnostic methods for frailty. In addition, the secondary purpose to is display healthcare issues of older adults commonly associated with frailty. These include comorbid conditions, social disruptions, end-of-life care, etc.

This training is composed of eight PowerPoint narrated and animated presentations. PowerPoint was chosen because of its ubiquitous availability to virtually all learners. The introduction presents the basics of frailty definition, screening and diagnosis. The subsequent seven case-based modules ask students to apply their knowledge. We recommend that learners complete a minimum of four modules starting with the introduction and ending with Case 7; learners are free to choose two modules from cases 1 through 6 and are welcome to complete all these optional cases. Finally, case 7 is the most complicated and longest module; if a learner uses the fully narrated and animated features, it will run approximately 25-minutes. To meet individual needs, learners have the option to disable audio (narration and dialog) on some or all of the screens. (These PowerPoint-based modules do not provide the option of varying the speed of audio tracks as in some programs). Most students can complete the minimum of 4 modules in 60-75 minutes; all the modules can be completed in 2-2.5 hours. The list of module titles is included in Learning Objectives below.

All cases use a standardized template. Navigation instructions are included in the Introduction; all cases follow the same instructions. Learners must start with the Introduction followed by cases in numerical sequence; cases become more complex with progression. In evaluating this curriculum, we used: Introduction, followed by Case 1, Case 5 and Case 7. Students can return to the Introduction module at anytime to review terms and definitions.

Materials and Supplies

Access to a computer with Microsoft PowerPoint or other compatible software is required. Headphones or earbuds may be needed if learning is occurring in a congregate environment or because of learner preference. This training requires no other special instructions, materials or supplies. The PowerPoint presentations can be easily uploaded to the school’s learning management system for assignment to learners.

Learning Objectives

Learning objectives are included in each case. These objectives also act as a “preview” for the content within the animated and interactive modules. The introduction has no learning objectives because it is a “definition of terms” module for frailty, sarcopenia, and frailty screening, diagnosis and management. These topics are specifically addressed within the learning objectives of the cases. There are 12 unique learning objectives. Some of the learning objectives appear in more than one case. This is intentional. It allows learners to apply their learning to a new clinical circumstance or a new domain of care. The learning objectives follow the statement, “After viewing this module, learners will be able to describe:” and are listed here by case:

Case 1: Mild Frailty

  • Frailty can be diagnosed using accepted criteria and available tools
  • Frailty can be managed with literature-based interventions that include exercise, nutritional support and optimized treatment of comorbid conditions

Case 2: Moderate Frailty and Falling

  • Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional
  • Frailty is often associated with a reduction in socialization that is often remediable with optimized care across all domains as well as care coordination
  • As is often the case in caring for patients with complex disease, it takes a team

Case 3: Frailty and Cognitive Symptoms

  • Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional
  • Frailty is often associated with cognitive deterioration that is often remediable with optimized care across all domains
  • As is often the case in caring for patients with complex disease, it takes a team

Case 4: Severe Frailty, Dependency and Palliative Care

  • Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional
  • Frailty is often associated with dependency and the need to recommend palliative care

Case 5: Frailty and Depression

  • Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional
  • Frailty is often associated with depression because both are common diseases
  • Depression can affect frailty by amplifying the symptoms of co-morbid conditions

Case 6: Frailty and Major Neurocognitive Disorder

  • Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional
  • Frailty coexisting with cognitive impairment need to be recognized early because of their mutual deleterious impact on function
  • As is often the case in caring for patients with complex disease, it takes a team

Case 7: Frailty and Cancer

  • Frailty is a multifactorial illness with contributions from many domains of well-being: medical, psychological, social and functional
  • The need to customized cancer care in frail patients based on comorbidities, function and prognosis
  • The importance of the social domain in care planning for patients with frailty and cancer
  • As is often the case in caring for patients with complex disease, it takes a team

Evaluation

During this curriculum evaluation, we used identical pre- and post-tests, containing seven questions with twenty correct answers, to measure learning. This pre-/post-test is available upon request. All questions were effective in discriminating an increase in learning. Learner comments on content, presentation and usability of the modules were overwhelmingly positive.

Use of These Modules

These modules are free for use for all teachers, instructors and trainers. They can be used as produced and be incorporated into an existing curriculum, in part or in full. When these frailty modules are used or included in another curriculum, questions from the pre-/post-test may be adapted for assessments of students’ learning. As with all student assessments, these questions would likely require revision after several years of use. If adapted versions of this curriculum, or parts of this curriculum, are published, attribution to original authors must be included and these new materials must be equally accessible to teachers, instructors and trainers as are the original materials. These materials may not be used or adapted for commercial purposes. (See Creative Commons criteria: CC BY-NC-SA [Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike]).

Date posted: 
Wed, 08/11/2021
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Wed, 06/09/2021
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Frailty Interactive Cases and A Facilitator’s Guide. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2021 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Palliative Care of a Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease: An Unfolding Case Study

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Other Learning Resource Type: 
Interactive Online Web Module
Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
2
Abstract: 

This case study was developed for use in academic coursework and as a standalone training for health care providers (MDs, ARNP, Pharmacists, Social Workers, Nurses). This unfolding case study about the management of an adult in the midst of a health crisis. This case is a composite of many actual cases seen in clinical practice. During the course of this case study, learners are presented with information as the providers learn of the patient’s emergent and ongoing health concerns – from his Emergency Department admission through the development of his palliative care plan. Learners are asked to make decisions and use their best judgment about how to care for this patient and family.

Educational objectives: 

By the end of this case study, the learner will be better able to:

  1. Understand the natural history and disease management of end stage liver disease (ESLD).
  2. Use evidence-based practice to collaboratively develop and refine goals of care for patients with chronic, progressive conditions.
  3. Work interprofessionally to ensure the best quality of care for the patient and family.
Date posted: 
Fri, 09/14/2018
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Wed, 08/15/2018
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Palliative Care of a Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease: An Unfolding Case Study. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2018 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Simulation Curriculum for Geriatric Medicine Fellows

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Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
999
Abstract: 

This material consists of a suite of nine simulated clinical cases, divided into three separate sessions of three cases each, intended to be conducted in a simulation center with simulated patients.  Cases are designed to teach geriatric medicine fellows and other appropriate learners basic geriatric assessment skills (Session one), how to navigate difficult situations in long-term care (Session two), and high-level communication skills in palliative and end-of-life care (Session three).  Each case consists of a multi-page document outlining scripts for the learner as well as the roles (patient, family member, facility staff, etc) portrayed by actors, necessary props and supporting materials, and instructions for evaluating and debriefing the learner.  Also contained in each document are Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA), Curricular Milestones (CM), and Reporting Milestones (RM) relevant to the case.

Educational objectives: 

- Efficiently and effectively assess and manage common geriatric syndromes in a variety of clinical settings.

- Demonstrate the ability to navigate difficult communication scenarios in a long-term care environment, while providing leadership, mediating conflict between interdisciplinary team members and/or family members, and providing high quality care.

- Provide compassionsate, patient-centered care at the end of life, using high-level communication strategies.

Additional information/Special implementation requirements or guidelines: 

n/a

Publications from, presentations from, and/or citations to this product: 

None, though plans to present this at AGS/ADGAP in 2019.

Date posted: 
Mon, 11/12/2018
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Wed, 08/08/2018
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Simulation Curriculum for Geriatric Medicine Fellows. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2018 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Advance Care Planning

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
2
Abstract: 

The Advance Care Planning Module uses a team approach to reduce errors and improve the quality of health care for older adults. This interdisciplinary formative assessment tool for Elder Safety can be utilized by fourth-year medical students, residents in training and practicing physicians. Learners will take a pre-test, review learning objectives, exemplar and video demonstrations, have access to reference materials and links to websites for Advance Care Planning. Content experts share their professional experience on the sensitive topic of addressing patient goals of care in preparation for death and dying.  Information on Advance Directives, legal considerations, clinician resources, cultural and gender differences, patient competency and capacity concerns are presented in a straight forward way to aid the medical professional in their ability to facilitate end-of-life care.  

Educational objectives: 

1. Healthcare professionals working with the 65 years and older population will develop knowledge and skills needed to formulate a health policy and educate patients about an Advance Care Plan.

2. Healthcare professionals working with the 65 year and older population will gain an advanced understanding of the options available to patients when planning end-of-life care.

Additional information/Special implementation requirements or guidelines: 

To access the material, go to the Learning Center at ilearn.nbome.org to access the Elder Safety Modules:

  • Select your learning activity (Advance Care Plan) and add it to your cart.
  • In the cart, click Proceed to Checkout. This will prompt you to either create a new account or login to your existing one.
  • Create your free account by entering the required information.
  • Once completed you will be directed back to the catalog to complete your course registration.
  • There is No Charge for viewing the Advance Care Plan Module.
Publications from, presentations from, and/or citations to this product: 

Presentation:

Marquez-Hall, S., Horber, D. (2017) Web-based formative assessment: An innovative way to assess and improve physician/patient care using an interprofessional team approach. Joint presentation with the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners at the American Association of Osteopathic Medicine and Association of Osteopathic Directors and Medical Educators Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD

Date posted: 
Fri, 01/12/2018
Product Viewing Instructions: 
See Additional information/Special implementation requirements or guidelines under the Additional Details Section.
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Advance Care Planning. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2018 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Barney Smith - A Progressive Palliative Care Standardized Patient

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Other Intended Learner Audiences: 
Graduate Health Profession Students
Product Information
Abstract: 

This six part progressive standardized patent serves re train medical students to care for an older adult with a life limiting condition, including making the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, breaking bad news, transitions of care from the hospital to home and curative care to palliation, through advance directiive discussions, and eventually into hospice and his death. The six encounters occur from Year 2 through Year 4 of the medical school curriculum , with a scripted five year span of patient care. Educational modalities include standandized patients, simulation, web-based modules, and small group discussions. 

Educational objectives: 

1) Provide medical care for an older adult with a life limiting condition from their diagnosis through their death

2) Understand the roles of the medical provider and other health care disciplines, as individual providers and as a team, in caring for an older adult with a life limiting diagnosis as they transition from the hospital to home and from curative care to palliation

3) Assist family caregivers in identifying caregiver responsibilities and potential caregiver burden

Date posted: 
Mon, 10/17/2016
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Mon, 10/17/2016
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Barney Smith - A Progressive Palliative Care Standardized Patient. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2016 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Geriatric Interprofessional Teaching Clinic (GITC)

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Other Learning Resource Type: 
Clinic model
Other Intended Learner Audiences: 
Physical Therapy Students
Occupational Therapy Students
Dietetics Students
Social Work Students
Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
1
Abstract: 
•Collaborative interprofessional practice and care are essential to the complex healthcare needs of a rapidly growing older adult population.
•Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) occurs when various health care practitioners, clients and/or caregivers work together to improve a client’s overall health.
•Teaching an IPC model continues to be a major gap in every health professionals’ education.
•To address this gap, the Geriatrics Interprofessional Teaching Clinic (GITC) at the University of Kansas Medical Center's Landon Center on Aging was created. It incorporates six professions: Students and faculty from  Physical Therapy, Medicine, Pharmacy, Social Welfare, Dietitics/Nutrition and Occupational Therapy.
•It is scheduled one half day a week with four patients scheduled on a "rolling" basis allowing for interprofessional teams of three to see patients in a staggered fashion. On average, each visit takes approximately 60-90 minutes.
•Logistically, students from 3 professions review the medical record together, discuss what they want to accomplish in the room, and how they will approach the patient encounter as a team. The students then see the patient and report back to the attending physician and other health professions faculty as a team. The assessment and plan for the patient is developed by the team.
•Team members are asked to define their roles by what the patient needs at that particular visit, starting with their own professional training and scope of practice, but then encouraged to allow themselves to participate in new ways. The interprofessional clinic faculty assist the learners by facilitating reflection on their clinical performance as individuals and as a team at the time of the clinic visit, incorporating their reflections into their next clinical encounter and through debriefing.
•To quantify interprofessional collaboration, evaluation tools are being piloted to assess for team dynamics, and surveys are sent out to each individual learner to assess for behavior and attitude changes. These are both done at the "beginning" and "end" of their GITC experience.
 
 
Educational objectives: 
•Create an interprofessional (IP) clinic involving multiple learners, emphasizing the national interprofessional competencies (values/ethics, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication and teams/teamwork).
•Train students in IP teams to evaluate their communication with the patient and with other team members following a patient encounter in GITC using a validated rubric. 
•Monitor changes in IP team behavior through individual learner evaluations.
Date posted: 
Mon, 10/10/2016
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Mon, 10/10/2016
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Geriatric Interprofessional Teaching Clinic (GITC). POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2016 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Building Caregiver Partnerships Through Interprofessional Education

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Other Intended Learner Audiences: 
Health professions faculty and health providers of all levels
Other Sponsors: 
Arthur Vining Davis Foundations
Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
1
Abstract: 

Family caregivers are on the frontlines managing complicated chronic illnesses, assisting with day-to-day functioning, and providing direct care to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life of their loved ones. Yet, health professions students, medical/surgical residents, and care providers receive little, if any, training on the vital role that caregivers play on the healthcare team and how, effective partnering optimizes patient care throughout the illness trajectory and at end-of life.

The goal of Building Caregiver Partnerships through Innovative Interprofessional Education is to create effective partnerships between healthcare providers and family caregivers to reduce the burdens, ease suffering, and enhance the meaning of the caregiving experience for the patient, family and health care providers.  The project centers on a 20-minute film, No Roadmap: Caregiver Journeys, which features the compelling stories of four caregiving families. The film and companion discussion guides as well as resources for case-based learning and structured clinical encounters are freely accessible on the website. http://www.neomed.edu/medicine/palliativecare/building-caregiver-partnerships/

The website is designed so that faculty can easily select the materials that best fit their learners’ needs and the time constraints within their programs. The curricula is appropriate for medical, pharmacy, nursing, and other health professions educational programs at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Additionally, tools have been developed for interdisciplinary team-based forums and health provider training.  For medical/surgical residency programs, relevant ACGME milestones are identified. 

Educational objectives: 

The objectives of the educational tools are to prepare learners to:
• Describe home-based eldercare as a shared experience and the importance of building a relationship with family caregivers and care recipients based on trust, compassion and open communication; 
• Describe the vital role of family caregivers as important, but under recognized, members of the health care team;
• Discuss the meaning and challenges of family caregiving;
• Engage caregivers in meaningful discussions to identify the needs, values and goals of their caregiving family;
• Identify resources to address caregiver concerns and provide ongoing support; and
• Provide holistic team-based care to family caregivers that improves the quality of life for the care recipient and the caregivers. 

 

Publications from, presentations from, and/or citations to this product: 

~~Date/Location Meeting/Forum Presentation Title Presenter(s)
Jan 28-31, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona; Society of Teachers of Family Medicine; 45 min presentation;  Exploring Caregiver Journeys: A Curricular Tool for Family Medicine Clerks;  D. Sperling; J.T. Thomas

March 10-13, 2016; Chicago, Ill;  American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine;  60-min workshop; Using Film to Foster Empathetic Partnerships between Care Providers and Family Caregivers;  J. Drost; E. Scott; M. Scott; D. Damore; S. Radwany

May 19-21, 2016; Long Beach, Ca; American Geriatrics Society; Poster; Building Caregiver Partnerships Through Innovative Health Professions Education; E. Scott, S. Radwany, D. Drost, K. Baughman, B. Palmisano, M. Sanders

May 19-21, 2016; Long Beach, Ca; American Geriatrics Society; Educational Product Session; Building Caregiver Partnership Through Innovative Health Professions Education; J. Drost; B. Palmisano

May 25, 2016; NEOMED Department of Family and Community Medicine Resident Scholarship Day; 15 min presentation; Exploring Caregiver Journeys: A Curricular Tool for Family Medicine Residents; D. Sperling; J.T. Thomas
 

Date posted: 
Mon, 12/12/2016
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Wed, 09/23/2020
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Building Caregiver Partnerships Through Interprofessional Education. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2016 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Goals of Care Conversation Curriculum (GOCCC) Training

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
2
Abstract: 

We developed a 3-part curriculum for teaching the basics of communication about goals of care (GOC) in older persons targeted towards medical students, residents, fellows, and faculty. There are 3 modules: 

1. Communicating Serious News - identifies strategies for effective communication and especially communicating serious news to patients or family members and improving our ability to transmit this news in an empathic and effective manner.

2. Goals of Care Discussion -focuses on the essential components of a GOC discussion; initiation, understanding the patient and family perspective, surrogate decision making, and concluding remarks clarifying and summarizing key discussion points and areas of understanding.

3. Managing conflict with patients and families - focuses on how to address frustrated and perhaps angry patients or family members who sometimes don’t feel that they are being listened to.  As providers, we are often put in this situation with few resources or skills to help guide us on how to deal with the patient’s and family’s emotions as well as our own. 

Each module contains a didactic lecture (45-60 minutes), examples of faculty role play (10-15 minutes), and instructions for participant role play activities. Each module is focused around a clinical case scenario done in dyads (30 minutes), and a sample evaluation form. Each module is best done in 2-hour sessions and in small groups (10-20 participants) but can be modified for 1-hour sessions. The content is applicable to a range of learners although the participant role play will likely be more meaningful for the more advanced learners.

Educational objectives: 

At the end of Module 1: Discussing Serious News, students, residents, and faculty will be able to:        

a.      Use curiosity and good listening skills to understand patient coping styles

b.      Describe empathic and effective approaches to discussing serious news

c.       Identify strategies for discussing prognosis

At the end of Module 2: Basic GOC, students, residents, and faculty will be able to:

a.       Be comfortable and effective in talking with patients and families about goals of care for patients with serious life-threatening, or chronic conditions

b.      Describe goals of care discussions as an essential component of the practice of medicine accepted within the mainstream of legal, moral, and ethical principles

c.       Articulate the complexity and subtleties of surrogate decision-making,  and the concept of substituted judgment

d.      Practice the key components of goals of care discussions in a simulation as a means of gaining competence and confidence in conducting GOC conversations

At the end of Module 3: Managing Conflict, students, residents, and faculty will be able to:

a.       Manage conflict in an effective and empathic manner to de-escalate anger and frustration experienced by patients and families during serious illness

b.      Recognize that in life-threatening situations, anger is a common response

c.       Describe communication techniques for diffusing anger

d.      Apply recommended skills to manage conflict and guide patients, families, and other clinicians through difficult decisions

Date posted: 
Mon, 06/20/2016
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Thu, 08/08/2019
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Goals of Care Conversation Curriculum (GOCCC) Training. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2016 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Family Meeting OSCE Assessment Tool (FMOSCEAT)

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
0
Abstract: 

A cornerstone procedure in palliative medicine is to perform family meetings, also referred to as family conferences. Family meetings are reported to improve communication between the health care team and the patient and/or their family. Learning how to lead family meetings is an important skill for all physicians, nurses, and others who care for patients with serious illnesses and their families.

The Family Meeting Objective Structured Clinical Exam Assessment Tool (FMOSCEAT) is a validated assessment tool designed to assess trainee’s clinical skill to perform and lead family meetings in an OSCE setting. This tool represents 6 important best practice behaviors building on evidence from literature search, guidelines and competencies with 34 items using Yes/No responses.

 

 

Educational objectives: 

To identify and assess trainee's ability to perform and lead family meetings. 

Publications from, presentations from, and/or citations to this product: 
  1. Hagiwara Y, Healy J, Ghannam S, Lee S, Sanchez-Reilly S. Development and Validation of a Family Meeting OSCE Assessment Tool (FMOSCEAT). J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;51(2):332-333.
  2. Hagiwara Y. Family Meeting OSCE Assessment Tool. 2016 Feb; Los Angeles, CA.  (2016 Innovations in Medical Education Conference Abstracts)
Date posted: 
Mon, 07/18/2016
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Mon, 07/18/2016
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Family Meeting OSCE Assessment Tool (FMOSCEAT). POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2016 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

Palliative Care Case

:  
Date Posted: 
12/31/1969
Date Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
12/31/1969
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Other Intended Learner Audiences: 
Nursing home administrators
Product Information
Estimated time to complete: 
3
Abstract: 

Using a case study participants will follow an older patient who requires increasing levels of care. After breaking into interdisciplinary teams led by leaders in transitions of care, participants will discuss goals, long-term care planning, and transitions in and out of hospital.

 

Educational objectives: 

Upon completion participants will be able to:

  • Describe how a multidisciplinary team approach enhances quality of life for patients throughout the aging process.
  • Recognize the importance of understanding a patient’s values, goals, and beliefs while assisting with transitions of care and long-term care planning.
Date posted: 
Wed, 09/30/2015
Date Submitted or Reviewed/Updated for Clinical Accuracy: 
Wed, 09/30/2015
Contact Person/Corresponding Author:



Suggested Citation:
Palliative Care Case. POGOe - Portal of Geriatrics Online Education; 2015 Available from: https://pogoe.org/taxonomy/term/155

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